Number Systems Converter and Calculator

Convert numbers between binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal systems. Learn number theory with interactive tools and step-by-step explanations.

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Number Systems Reference

Binary (Base 2)

0-1

Used in digital circuits and computer systems. Fundamental to computing.

  • Digits: 0, 1
  • Example: 1011₂ = 11₁₀
  • Usage: Computer systems

Decimal (Base 10)

0-9

The standard system for everyday counting and mathematics.

  • Digits: 0-9
  • Example: 255₁₀
  • Usage: Everyday life

Hexadecimal (Base 16)

0-9, A-F

Compact representation of binary data. Used in programming and web design.

  • Digits: 0-9, A-F
  • Example: FF₁₆ = 255₁₀
  • Usage: Programming, colors

Octal (Base 8)

0-7

Historical importance in computing. Sometimes used in file permissions.

  • Digits: 0-7
  • Example: 377₈ = 255₁₀
  • Usage: Unix permissions

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal?

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Binary uses base-2 (0,1), decimal uses base-10 (0-9), and hexadecimal uses base-16 (0-9,A-F). Each system has different applications: binary for computers, decimal for everyday use, and hexadecimal for compact representation of binary data.

Why do computers use binary numbers?

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Computers use binary because electronic circuits can easily represent two states: on/off, high/low voltage, or magnetic polarity. This makes binary the most reliable and efficient system for digital electronics.

How to convert decimal to binary manually?

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To convert decimal to binary, repeatedly divide the number by 2 and record the remainders. The binary equivalent is the remainders read in reverse order. For example, 13 in decimal: 13÷2=6 rem1, 6÷2=3 rem0, 3÷2=1 rem1, 1÷2=0 rem1 → 1101 in binary.

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